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The Hamas Covenant also known as Hamas Charter, refers to the Charter of the Hamas, issued on 18 August 1988, outlining the movement founding identity, stand, and aims.〔 The Charter identified Hamas as the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine and declares its members to be Muslims who "fear God and raise the banner of Jihad in the face of the oppressors." The charter states that "our struggle against the Jews is very great and very serious" and calls for the eventual creation of an Islamic state in Palestine, in place of Israel and the Palestinian Territories,〔("Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant" ) ''The New York Times'', February 27, 2006〕 and the obliteration or dissolution of Israel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Covenant of Hamas )〕〔(The Palestinian Hamas By Shaul Mishal, Avraham Sela ). Retrieved February 9, 2009.〕 It emphasizes the importance of jihad stating in article 13, "There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through Jihad. Initiatives, proposals and international conferences are all a waste of time and vain endeavors." The charter also states that Hamas is humanistic, and tolerant of other religions as long as they "stop disputing the sovereignty of Islam in this region".〔(Article 31 of the Hamas Charter (1988) ) Yale Law School: The Avalon Project〕 The Charter adds that "renouncing any part of Palestine means renouncing part of the religion" of Islam. In 2010 Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal stated that the Charter is "a piece of history and no longer relevant, but cannot be changed for internal reasons."〔(Mazin Qumsiyeh on the History and Practice Of Nonviolent Palestinian Resistance ) Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May–June 2010, pp. 40-42〕 Hamas have moved away from its charter since it decided to go for political office.〔(''A “New Hamas” through Its New Documents'' ). Khaled Hroub, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol 35, no. 1 (Summer 2006), p. 6. On web.archive.org〕 In 2009 interviews with the BBC, Tony Blair claimed that Hamas does not accept the existence of Israel and continues to pursue its objectives through terror and violence; Sir Jeremy Greenstock however argued that Hamas has not adopted its charter as part of its political program since it won the Palestinian legislative election, 2006. Instead it has moved to a more secular stance. In 2008, the Hamas leader in Gaza, Ismail Haniyeh, stated that Hamas would agree to accept a Palestinian state along the 1967 borders, and to offer a long-term truce with Israel.〔(Haniyeh: Hamas willing to accept Palestinian state with 1967 borders ) Haaretz (09-11-08)Retrieved 27th May 2011〕 In contrast to this, Hamas leader Mahmoud al-Zahar stated that any talk of the 1967 lines is "just a phase" until Hamas has a chance to "regain the land...even if we () have to do so inch by inch."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/3051.htm )〕 Other Hamas leaders, including Ismail Haniyah and Khaled Meshaal have also stated repeatedly that "Palestine – from the () River to the () Sea, from its north to its south – is our land, our right, and our homeland. There will be no relinquishing or forsaking even an inch or small part of it,"〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/3671.htm )〕 and that "we shall not relinquish the Islamic waqf on the land of Palestine, and Jerusalem shall not be divided into Western and Eastern Jerusalem. Jerusalem is a single united (), and Palestine stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River, and from Naqoura (Ha-Niqra ) to Umm Al-Rashrash () in the south."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/3257.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/0/0/0/0/0/95/3247.htm )〕 ==Background== In 1987, 20 years after the 1967 war, the First Intifada (1987–1993) had begun.〔(''1987:First Intifada'' May 6, 2008 )BBC〕 In the late 1980s, the PLO sought a negotiated solution with Israel in the form of a two-state solution. This was not acceptable to Hamas, the Palestinian wing of the Muslim Brotherhood,〔 and the covenant was written to bridge the ideological gap between the PLO and Muslim Brotherhood.〔 According to Hamas's Deputy Foreign Minister Dr. Ahmed Yousef, the Charter "was ratified during the unique circumstances of the Uprising in 1988 as a necessary framework for dealing with a relentless occupation".〔(Hamas Charter: Vision, Fact and Fiction ) Palestine Chronicle (23/1/2011)Retrieved 27th may 2011〕 While the PLO was nationalistic, it was more secular in nature, while Hamas subscribed to a neo-Salafi jihadi theology and nationalism.〔( The PLO Charters of 1964 and 1968 and the Hamas Charter of 1988 ) By Philipp Holtmann〕 Hamas was a shift from the Muslim Brotherhood's more universal Islamic vision to a focus on Palestinian nationalism and a strategy of armed struggle, or violent jihad.〔( ''The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence'' ) Shaul Mishal, Avraham Sela]〕 Its political goals were identical to those of the PLO's charter and was essentially an armed struggle to retrieve the entire land of Palestine as an Islamic waqf.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hamas Covenant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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